土著人民日是什么时候?
For the third year in a row, the United States will 正式的观察 土著人民日 哥伦布发现美洲纪念日. Indigenous Peoples' Day celebrates the 历史 and contributions of Native Americans. In 2023, the holiday falls on Monday, October 9.
While the Joe Biden administration has officially recognized Indigenous Peoples' Day 自2021年以来在美国，它还不是联邦假日. More than a dozen states recognize some version of the holiday in place of 哥伦布发现美洲纪念日. Some states and cities, however, still celebrate 哥伦布发现美洲纪念日 or Italian Heritage Day.
There has been some effort to formally designate Indigenous Peoples’ Day a federal holiday. 土著人民日法案, 该法案于10月2日在国会重新提出, 2023, would designate the second Monday of October as Indigenous Peoples’ Day nationwide.
“Our country has long failed to recognize and acknowledge its dark 历史 of erasure and harm brought upon the first inhabitants of the Americas,” said 加州 Congresswoman Norma Torres in a 声明. “By designating Indigenous Peoples’ Day a federal holiday, we take a small but important step toward recognizing the injustices in our nation’s 历史 and uplifting the vibrant traditions, 历史, and culture of all Indigenous communities—an integral part of the cultural fabric of the United States.”
The bill currently has 56 cosponsors in the House of Representatives and 11 cosponsors in the Senate.
在哪里庆祝土著人民日?
As of 2023, some 29 states do not celebrate 哥伦布发现美洲纪念日 and have 重新命名或替换它 与土著人民日. Some states recognize Indigenous Peoples Day via proclamation, 而其他人则将其视为法定假日.
Among the states where the holiday is observed or honored are Alaska, 明尼苏达州, 佛蒙特州, 爱荷华州, 北卡罗莱纳, 加州, 路易斯安那州, 缅因州, 密歇根, 新墨西哥, 威斯康辛州, 维吉尼亚州, 俄勒冈州, 德州, 以及南达科他州, 庆祝印第安人的节日, 夏威夷, 庆祝发现者日的地方, 和亚拉巴马州, 庆祝美国印第安人遗产日. 华盛顿特区.C. 也承认这个节日.
拜登总统成为美国首位.S. 总统 发布公告 承认2021年为土著人民日, 写作, “今天, we recognize Indigenous peoples’ resilience and strength as well as the immeasurable positive impact that they have made on every aspect of American society."
Why Replace 哥伦布发现美洲纪念日 with Indigenous Peoples’ Day?
活动人士长期以来一直认为假期, statues and other memorials to Columbus sanitize his actions—which include the 奴役 of Native Americans—while giving him credit for “discovering” a place where communities had lived for thousands of years.
“哥伦布日不仅仅是一个节日, it represents the violent 历史 of colonization in the Western hemisphere,” 狮子座Killsback, a professor of American Indian Studies at Arizona State University.
哥伦布发现美洲纪念日 成为联邦假日 in 1937, in part because of efforts by Roman Catholic Italian Americans. 在19世纪末和20世纪初, members of the stigmatized ethnic and religious group successfully campaigned to establish a 哥伦布发现美洲纪念日 in order to place Catholic Italians, 比如克里斯托弗·哥伦布, 进入美国历史. In doing so, they edged out people of Anglo-Saxon descent 谁想要 a federal holiday honoring Leif Erikson as the first European to reach the Americas.
But decades later, the question of which European got here “first” is beside the point. “Indigenous Peoples' Day represents a much more honest and fair representation of American values,Killsback写道, who is a citizen of the Northern Cheyenne Nation of southeastern Montana.
关注美国原住民的历史
Indigenous Peoples’ Day also offers a fresh focus to 历史 in schools, where many 历史 textbooks leave out Native Americans or sanitize white colonizer’s treatment of them. 在一个 2015年专栏, 香农的速度, director of the American Indian Studies Center at the University of 加州, 洛杉矶, 和一名奇卡索部落公民, wrote that “virtually none of my university students has had any education whatsoever in the 历史 of this country’s treatment of the 10 million or so people who lived here before Europeans arrived.”
当奥斯汀市 采用 2017年10月的土著人民日 决议 stated that the city wanted to encourage schools to teach this 历史.
在她的专栏里, Speed wrote of her students’ common belief in the “vanishing Indian,” meaning that her students often think of Native Americans as people who lived in the past rather than living people who continue to practice their cultures today.
Some Communities Call for Italian Heritage Day
与此同时, some Italian American communities have called for a day separate from 哥伦布发现美洲纪念日 to celebrate their heritage. For example, in New York City starting in 2021, the Department of Education 标记节日 as both Indigenous Peoples' Day and Italian Heritage Day.
